Periodontal diseases are conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, such as the gums and the bone that holds the teeth in place. These diseases are primarily caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque, a sticky, soft substance that forms on the teeth due to food and saliva. When plaque is not removed with proper dental hygiene, it can lead to problems ranging from gingivitis to severe periodontitis, which can result in tooth loss.
Causes of Periodontal Diseases
The main cause of periodontal diseases is the bacteria found in dental plaque, which accumulates when teeth are not brushed or flossed properly. Other factors that contribute to the development of these diseases include:
-
Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate or improper brushing of teeth allows plaque to accumulate, leading to gum inflammation, and if untreated, it can affect deeper tissues.
-
Smoking: Tobacco is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal diseases. Smokers are more likely to suffer from gum infections and have a reduced immune response.
-
Genetic predisposition: Some people may be more prone to periodontal diseases due to their genetics, even if they follow a good dental care routine.
-
Systemic diseases: Conditions like diabetes and hormonal disorders can increase the risk of periodontal diseases.
-
Medications: Certain medications, such as those that reduce saliva flow, can increase the risk of periodontal diseases.
Common Symptoms
The symptoms of periodontal diseases can vary depending on the severity of the disease. Some common signs include:
-
Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
-
Persistent bad breath
-
Loose or shifting teeth
-
Gum recession, which exposes more of the tooth root
-
Pain when chewing
-
Change in bite or the way teeth fit together
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing periodontal diseases is based on good oral hygiene. It is essential to brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss daily, and visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings. Dentists may also recommend antibacterial rinses to help reduce plaque and bacteria.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the periodontal disease. In mild cases, the treatment may be as simple as a deep cleaning, known as scaling and root planing. In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to remove infected tissue and restore gum health.
Conclusion
Periodontal diseases are common but preventable with good oral hygiene and regular dentist visits. If detected early, these conditions can be successfully treated and prevent severe complications like tooth loss. Maintaining an appropriate oral care routine is crucial for preserving the health of our gums and teeth throughout life.